Overview of Agriculture in Sokoto State

Sokoto State is one of Nigeria’s most agrarian states, with agriculture forming the backbone of the economy. Over 80 % of the population are engaged in farming and related activities, making agriculture central to food security, employment, and rural income generation.

The state’s terrain is predominantly savanna and semi-arid, but extensive floodplains, rivers, and irrigation schemes allow year-round crop production and livestock grazing. Fertile soils support both subsistence and commercial farming, positioning Sokoto as a critical contributor to Nigeria’s agricultural output.

Major Crops Produced

Staple crops in Sokoto include millet, guinea corn (sorghum), maize, rice, groundnut, beans, cassava, and potatoes. These crops serve local consumption, domestic markets, and agro-processing industries.

Sokoto is nationally renowned for onion production, contributing a significant share of Nigeria’s output. Other vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers are widely grown for market supply and value-added processing.

Cash crops including cotton, wheat, and tobacco provide additional farm income and feedstock for agro-industries.

Livestock and Poultry Farming

Livestock production is vital, with cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry raised extensively across grazing lands. Fishing in river basins also supports nutrition and trade.

Ongoing investments in ranch development, feed production, and veterinary services enhance productivity, support rural livelihoods, and feed agro-processing sectors such as meat, dairy, and leather industries.

Climate, Soil & Irrigation Systems

Sokoto has a savanna and semi-arid climate with wet and dry seasons, ideal for staple crops. Soils are fertile, especially in floodplains and irrigated areas, supporting high productivity.

Extensive irrigation schemes, dams, and mechanized farming enhance year-round crop production. Modern agronomic practices and water management improve yields and expand commercial farming opportunities.