Overview

The South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria stretches along the Atlantic coast and the Niger Delta, hosting six states: Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers. It is both an ecological heartland and an economic powerhouse of Nigeria.

This zone is known for its rich oil and natural gas reserves, mangrove swamps, rainforests, and fertile agricultural land. The discovery of crude oil in Bayelsa in 1956 marked Nigeria’s rise as a major oil exporter.

Quick Facts About South South Nigeria

States in the South South Region

• Akwa Ibom State
• Bayelsa State
• Cross River State
• Delta State
• Edo State
• Rivers State

Geography and Climate

The South South region covers coastal plains, swamps, and extensive mangrove forests that extend inland from the Bights of Benin and Bonny. This tropical climate with abundant rainfall supports diverse ecosystems and high agricultural potential.

The Niger Delta forms the largest wetland in Africa, marked by creeks, estuaries, and ecological hotspots. The land is a mosaic of rainforest, swamp forest, and mangrove vegetation.

Agriculture, Fisheries & Natural Resources

Agriculture in the South South thrives due to fertile soil and abundant water. The region grows staple and cash crops supporting both local consumption and industrial use.

Major Agricultural Products

• Cassava & Garri
• Yam
• Oil Palm & Palm Oil
• Rice (swamp cultivation)
• Rubber & Cocoa
• Plantain & Banana

Fisheries and Aquaculture

• Artisanal Fishing in Creeks & Rivers
• Shrimp & Crab Harvesting
• Catfish & Tilapia Farming
• Marine Fish Processing & Trade

Oil & Gas Sector

The South South region produces a major portion of Nigeria’s crude oil and gas, especially around the Niger Delta and Bayelsa State, where oil was first discovered.

Hydrocarbon extraction drives national revenue but has also caused environmental challenges including oil spills, gas flaring, and coastal erosion.

• Primary Crude Areas: Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Akwa Ibom
• Key Export Terminals & Pipelines
• Growing Gas Processing Facilities
• Local Energy & Petrochemical Industries

Tourism and Natural Attractions

Ibeno Beach

Ibeno Beach in Akwa Ibom is one of the longest sandy beaches in West Africa, drawing visitors for its scenic shoreline, water sports, and relaxation.

Agbokim Waterfalls

A natural cascade of seven streams in Cross River State, set within lush rainforest, attracting ecotourists, hikers, and nature lovers.

Finima Nature Park

Located on Bonny Island, Rivers State, this park conserves mangrove wetland ecosystems and tropical biodiversity.

Cultural Heritage

The South South is home to many distinct ethnic groups including the Ijaw, Efik, Ibibio, Itsekiri, Urhobo, and Edo peoples, each with vibrant traditions, languages, music, and festivals.

A key cultural celebration is the Calabar Carnival, one of Africa’s largest street festivals held annually in Cross River State, featuring music, dance, parades, and cultural displays.

Strategic Importance to Nigeria

• Major contributor to national oil & gas exports
• Rich fisheries and agricultural potential
• Ecologically significant wetland and mangrove zones
• Tourism & cultural heritage hub
• Commercial ports and maritime trade gateways